St. Rose Philippine Duchesne was a French nun who survived the French Revolution and was sent to America as a missionary at the age of 49. She was extraordinarily courageous in facing dangerous conditions on the frontier and was single-minded in her desire to serve the Native American population around her.

Rose was born in Grenoble, France, in 1769, to a wealthy family—her father was a successful businessman and city leader, and her mother was from a well-established family in the region. At the age of eight, Rose heard a Jesuit missionary priest give a lecture on his work on the American frontier, and the idea of serving as a missionary in America captured Rose’s young imagination and became the greatest desire of her heart.

Rose was educated at home until she was twelve—after that, she was sent to a nearby convent for further schooling. When she turned nineteen, she secretly joined the community of nuns with whom she was studying, against the wishes of her family.

In 1792, at the height of the French Revolution, the convent Rose lived in was closed. For the next ten years, Rose lived as a laywoman but still ordered her life according to the vows she had professed as a religious sister. She even began a school for poor children, cared for the sick, and hid priests who were secretly leading Mass and encouraging the faithful.

When the Reign of Terror passed, Rose re-joined what was left of her community, and in 1804 the remaining members were grafted into a different community—the Society of the Sacred Heart. After a decade in this Society, Rose was asked to establish a new convent in Paris. Several years later, in 1818, at the age of 49, she and four other sisters traveled to the Louisiana Territory as missionaries to the American West.

She fell very ill on the trip to America and had to spend time recovering when they landed in New Orleans. She fell dangerously ill again on her trip up the Mississippi River to the area around St. Louis.

After arriving and recovering, she and her companions founded a school near St. Louis for the daughters of pioneers. They faced the bitter cold in the single log cabin in which they lived and worked. The community went on to open six other institutions, including orphanages and the first three schools west of the Mississippi River.

Rose had a loving concern for the Native Americans who lived by the European settlements on the American frontier, and she spent just as much of her energy educating them and caring for their sick as for the Europeans. When she retired from her administrative duties at the age of 71, she opened a school for Native Americans of the Potawatomi tribe, whose name for her meant “the woman who is always praying.”

Her work with the Potawatomi was short-lived, however—she failed to master their language, having struggled to learn English. After a year, she retired to a cabin near their original school around St. Louis and lived in prayer and solitude until she died in 1852.

“We cultivate a very small field for Christ,” she once wrote, “but we love it, knowing that God does not require great achievements but a heart that holds back nothing for self.”

St. Rose was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1988, and her images are used here with permission from Catholic.org.

St. Rose Philippine Duchesne, the brave French nun who survived the Reign of Terror to bring education to the American frontier—pray for us!